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''Anacardium othonianum'' is a tree native from the tropical savanna (''cerrado'') region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree (''A. occidentale'') of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name ''cajuí'', and by the Portuguese names ''caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado'' ("tree cashew of the cerrado"),〔 ''caju-vermelho-de-goiás'' ("red cashew from Goiás"),〔Julio S. Inglez de Souza, Aristeu Mendes Peixoto, Francisco Ferraz de Toledo () ''Enciclopédia Agrícola Brasileira'', volume 2, p.76〕 ''cajuzinho-do-cerrado'' or just ''cajuzinho'' ("little cashew").〔Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa, Juliana Pereira Faria, Ronaldo Veloso Naves, and Roberto Fontes Vieira (2006), ''(Cajus do Cerrado )''. Chapter 8 of R. F. Vieira el al., eds. (2006) ''(Futas Nativas da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil )''. EMBRAPA.〕 The species name honors Brazilian botanist Othon Xavier de Brito Machado.〔 ==Description and habitat== The tree grows wild in the central region of Brazil, mostly in the state of Goiás.〔 In the wild, the adult tree ranges from 2 to 6 metres (3 m on average), and produces from 200 to 600 fruits every season.〔 The bark is dark and fissured.〔W. Manso de Almeida (2011) ''(O Cajuzinho da Serra de Jaraguá )''〕 The leaves (which are reddish when young) are smooth and obovate, measuring about 15 by 10 cm, with 4 to 8 mm long stalks.〔 The small pink flowers (4 to 8 mm) are gathered in panicles about 20 cm wide,〔 and are pollinated by bees and wasps.〔〔 The pear-shaped edible "fruit" — technically a pseudofruit, an achene that develops from the flower stalk — is light red when mature,〔 2 to 3 cm wide by 2 to 4 cm long weighting between 5 and 10 grams.〔 As in the common cashew, the true fruit is a kidney-shaped drupe, 15 to 20 mm long and 12 to 15 mm wide, that hangs from the base of the achene: it encloses a single seed covered by a hard capsule, which may be green gray, or dark brown. The fruit's skin contains a strongly irritating oil composed mostly of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and other aromatic compounds.〔 The tree is found at altitudes between 380m and 1100m, mostly above 780m; it prefers acidic soils (pH 4,5-6,5) and tolerates droughts and poor soils. It is easily propagated from seeds.〔Lima, R. E. (2008) ''Influência do teor de água e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes de caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.), visando a produção de mudas para a recuperação de áreas degradadas.'' Monograph, 2008, 27 p. Monografia, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Rio Verde, Goiás.〕 It flowers between June and October; fruits mature in September and October, and can be harvested two or three years after planting.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anacardium othonianum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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